精子抗原基因在猪生殖道及成熟精子中的表达特性

【目的】揭示若干精子抗原基因(SPAG1、SPAG5、SPAG6、SPAG11C和SPAG11E)在梅山公母猪生殖道及成熟精子中的mRNA时空表达规律。【方法】利用RT-PCR技术分析各基因在生殖道和精子中组织表达谱,利用半定量RT-PCR分析其在初生至150d梅山公猪睾丸中的发育性表达特性。【结果】5个基因在梅山公母猪生殖道组织中呈现不同的表达特性。其中SPAG1在睾丸中表达丰度最高,在精囊腺、前列腺、附睾体、子宫角和输卵管呈现中等丰度表达,而在附睾尾、子宫颈和卵巢的表达信号较弱。SPAG5在睾丸中表达丰度最高,在前列腺、附睾体和子宫颈中表达信号较弱。而SPAG6在睾丸中高丰度表达,在输卵管中呈现中等丰度表达,在子宫角的表达信号很弱。SPAG11C在附睾体和睾丸中高水平表达,而SPAG11E则在附睾体和附睾尾中低水平表达。在成熟精子中只有SPAG11E有mRNA表达。SPAG1、SPAG5、SPAG6和SPAG11C基因在公猪睾丸中发育性表达分析表明,总体上所检测的4个精子抗原基因的表达水平都随着日龄增加而提高,但存在一些差异。其中SPAG1和SPAG11C呈现相似的表达规律,在初生和30日龄时表达相对较低,但在60、90、150日龄都有显著提高(P0.05)。而SPAG5在初生和30日龄时表达也相对较低,在60和90日龄时均有显著提高(P0.05),但150日龄时略有下降,但差异不显著。SPAG6在初生和30日龄时表达水平很低,至60日龄有显著提高(P0.05),90日龄时维持这一水平,而到150日龄时则有显著下降(P0.05)。【结论】SPAG1、SPAG5、SPAG6、SPAG11C和SPAG11E在梅山公母猪生殖道组织广泛表达,在睾丸组织中其mRNA表达水平变化与性发育相一致,SPAG11E在精子中存在低丰度mRNA表达。     

绿虎天牛属雌雄生殖器的比较研究

记述了绿虎天牛属Chlorophorus 8个种的雌雄生殖器，比较研究了该属雌雄生殖器的结构特点，结果表明，雌雄生殖器解剖性状在绿虎天牛属内是稳定的，在种间存在明显的差异，雌雄生殖器解剖特征可以作为该属分种的依据，是可靠的分类性状。     

通过测定生殖道黏液导电性确定小尾寒羊配种时机的观察研究

通过使用羊排卵测定仪准确掌握不同繁殖期小尾寒羊的排卵期,旨在有效提高母羊的受孕率。选择1.5~3.5周岁和4~6周岁小尾寒羊空怀期繁殖母羊各30只,利用羊排卵测定仪测定发情期内母羊生殖道黏液电阻值,研究其变化规律,发现1.5~3.5周岁母羊组发情持续时间较短,电阻值下降和上升均较快;而4~6周岁母羊组发情持续时间较长,电阻值下降较快但其上升曲线较为曲折。比较处于不同阴道黏液电阻值范围的母羊人工授精后的受孕率发现,4~6周岁的羊群组比1.5~3.5周岁的羊群组可受孕范围宽,但1.5~3.5周岁的羊群组在可受孕电阻值范围内受孕率明显高于4~6周岁的羊群组。该研究结果提示,不同年龄小尾寒羊母羊阴道黏液电阻值变化幅度不同,发情周期内电阻值下降到最低点后再上升时期为小尾寒羊的排卵期,适宜配种,该时期为母羊配种受孕率高。     

Influence of Boar Seminal Plasma on the Distribution of Spermatozoa in the Genital Tract of Gilts

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate whether boar seminal plasma affects the transport of spermatozoa in the genital tract of oestrous pigs or not, with special reference to the sperm transport into the oviducts. Altogether 17 gilts were used in three experiments.Experiment I. In nine gilts one uterine horn was injected surgically with 10¹⁰ spermatozoa suspended in seminal plasma and the other uterine horn with 10¹⁰ spermatozoa suspended in TESNaK-glucose buffer solution. The sperm deposition was performed under general anaesthesia. The gilts were slaughtered 1–2 or 4–6 h after insemination. The genital tract was removed and the numbers of spermatozoa determined in oviducts and in uterine horns.Experiment II. The insemination doses were prepared exactly as in Experiment I. Approx. 24 h before insemination Polyvinylchloride cannulas were inserted into the uterine lumen of the horns, drawn via the midventral incision at linea alba subcutaneously to cutaneous incisions ventral to the vulva opening. One cannula was placed in each uterine horn. At standing heat the insemination doses were slowly injected through the cannulas. The gilts were slaughtered 1 h after insemination and the numbers of spermatozoa within the genital tract were counted.Experiment III. In three gilts under general anaesthesia the uterine horns were ligated 10 cm from the uterotubal junction. The semen doses (containing 2 × 10⁹ spermatozoa), prepared as in Experiment I, were deposited into the uterine horns anterior to the ligatures through a cannula. The gilts were slaughtered 1 h after insemination, and the numbers of spermatozoa within the oviducts and ligated part of the uterine horns were counted.In all three experiments more spermatozoa were, on average, recovered in the oviducts connected to uterine horns inseminated with spermatozoa suspended in seminal plasma. In Experiments I andII this was the case for 10 of 14 gilts and in Experiment III for all the three gilts. It is therefore suggested that boar seminal plasma pro¬motes sperm transport into the oviduct of oestrous pigs. The back¬ground mechanism for this is discussed.     

Distribution of Live and Dead Spermatozoa in the Genital Tract of Gilts at Different Times After Insemination

Twenty-four gilts were inseminated pair-wise with live or dead spermatozoa from the same ejaculate. The insemination dose was 100 ml undiluted semen containing, on average, 19×10⁹ spermatozoa. The gilts were slaughtered 1, 2, 6 and 12 h after insemination. The numbers of spermatozoa were counted in the uterus, uterotubal junction and in four equally long segments of the oviduct, called I–IV, with a haemocytometer. IV was adjacent to the uterotubal junction. The numbers of spermatozoa recovered in the uterus diminished significantly during the first 12 h after insemination. From gilts inseminated with live spermatozoa more spermatozoa were recovered in the uterotubal junction than from gilts inseminated with dead spermatozoa. Two h after insemination spermatozoa were recovered in all oviducts. Significantly more live than dead spermatozoa were recovered in Segments III and IV of the oviduct, regardless of time. In gilts inseminated with live spermatozoa the sperm count in Segment I varied significantly with time, being hiigest 2 h after insemination. At 6 and 12 h there were no distinct differences in the distribution of live spermatozoa between the various oviduct segments. The numbers of spermatozoa recovered in the oviduct were at these times apparently related to the sperm depots in the uterotubal junction.     

风信子花粉活力与育性

对蓝巨人等7个风信子品种进行了花粉活力的研究及子房、胚珠的发育观察。结果表明不同风信子品种的花粉，在4℃条件下，蓝巨人的花粉活力最高，保持时间最长，达45d，其他品种能保持10～25d。蔗糖对花粉管生长具有明显的促进作用，最适的培养基蔗糖浓度为15％。在7个风信子品种中，蓝巨人的花粉管萌发情况最好。4个风信子品种获得了种子。     

松嫩草地五脉山黧豆地上生育规律及生物量的比较研究

试验研究了松嫩草地不同生境和密度下五脉山黧豆地上部生育规律和生物量。结果表明:人工栽培五脉山黧豆植株比野生植株具有较大的株高、分枝长度、分枝数和生物量。其中,人工一年生种群株高和单株生物量比野生植株平均增加了19.1 cm和11.66 g。野生种群植株不同密度间个体生长的差异不显著(P>0.05);人工种群植株不同密度间个体生长差异显著(P<0.05),体现了密度制约的效应。人工二年生种群植株比一年生植株有较大的密度竞争压力,在生物量等方面比一年生种群植株小。     

关于园林发展的几点思考

从中国园林的历史,世界园林艺术的发展,结合工业化对人们思想文化环境和自然环境产生诸多影响的现实,对如何发展有中国特色21世纪现代化园林进行了探讨。     

从原始生殖细胞分离昆明小鼠EG细胞及其传代培养

为提高昆明小鼠胚胎生殖细胞(embryonic germ cells, EG cells)建系效率，以怀孕8.5～12.5 d小鼠胎儿为材料，比较了胎儿后1/3部位的组织共培养、生殖嵴共培养、差速贴壁和穿刺生殖嵴4种分离胚胎原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cells，PGCs)的方法以及不同传代方式对EG细胞克隆的影响。结果表明：生殖嵴共培养和差速贴壁方式获得了较好分离EG细胞的效果，与其它两组比较差异显著；手工传代方式与连同成纤维细胞一起消化的传代方式相比获得了较高传代比率。对所分离EG细胞经形态观察、AKP染色和体外分化能力检测，证实其符合小鼠EG细胞的集落状生长、细胞未分化特性及细胞多能性等特征。     

典型都市生态农业可持续发展评价研究——以南京市傅家边农业科技园为例

对典型都市南京市傅家边农业科技园生态农业可持续发展评价结果表明 ,南京市傅家边农业科技园区茶叶、苗木花卉、青梅的综合评价指数分别为 3.4 81、3.2 4 0和 3.2 2 7,而传统种植业小麦、水稻的综合评价指数仅为1.4 91和 2 .16 5 ,表明都市生态农业种植业结构应向效益协调性好 ,能发挥地区比较优势 ,尽量减缓系统总熵量的增加和保持系统有序结构的方向调整。